13^th International Conference on Tissue Science , Engineering, Regenerative Medicine & Bio Banking April 24-25, 2019 Vancouver, Canada

Tissue culture is a technique of scientific research during which pieces of tissue from an animal or plant are collected and transferred to artificial surroundings in which they can survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a population of cells,  or a part of an organ. Cells in culture could multiply, change size, form, or function, exhibit specialized activity or interact with different cells. Tissue preservation is a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs or any other biological constructs vulnerable to Tissue damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures.

Nanotechnologists have become involved in regenerative medicine via creation of biomaterials and nanostructures with potential clinical implications. Their aim is to develop systems that can mimic, reinforce or even create in vivo tissue repair strategies. In fact, in the last decade, important advances in the field of tissue engineering, cell therapy and cell delivery have already been achieved. In this review, we will delve into the latest. Research advances and discuss whether cell and/or tissue repair devices are a possibility. This regulation of cellular behavior by nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering is one of the examples demonstrating the significant applications of Nano engineering in biomedicine.

Regenerative medicine is the process of creating living, functional tissues to repair or replace tissue or organ function lost due to age, disease, damage, or congenital defects. This field holds the promise of regenerating damaged tissues and organs in the body by stimulating previously irreparable organs to heal themselves. Regenerative medicine also empowers scientists to grow tissues and organs in the laboratory and safely implant them when the body cannot heal itself. Importantly, regenerative medicine has the potential to solve the problem of the shortage of organs available through donation compared to the number of patients that require life-saving organ transplantation.

Regenerative medicine is the translational research deals with the process of replacing, re- engineering, regenerating or restoring human cells, tissues or organs in order to regain normal functionality of cell and it is the combination of   tissue engineering, molecular biology, genetics, biomedical engineering and genetic engineering. The  method includes discovery of potential stem or progenitor cell in vitro protocols for isolating, expanding  and priming those cells in order  to facilitate their massive propagation into the  required type of precursor cell ;  Discovery of  biogenic factors or compounds which has probability to affect stem/progenitor cells  which may encourage reactive cell genesis, survival, selected differentiation of cells and restoration of system movement and effects in other related disorders;  Establishment of the best  models of human disease and injury in order to perform Clinical trials for testing new regenerative medicine therapeutics.

Cell therapy and Gene therapy are interrelated biomedical research with the effects of repairing   genetic diseases direct cause in the DNA or cellular population. These powerful strategies are also being noticed on specific genes and cell sub-populations modulation in acquired diseases in order to re-establish the normal equilibrium condition of cell. In many rare chronic diseases, gene and cell therapy are combined in the development of promising therapies in promoting better life. Cell and gene therapy provide reagents, concepts, and techniques that are elucidating the accurate points of gene regulation, stem cell lineage, cell-cell interactions, feedback loops, cell line development, amplification loops, regenerative capacity, and remodeling of tissue. Cell therapy in which intact living cellular material is injected into a host body and it is mediated by five primary mechanisms:  providing an anti-inflammatory effect,  endothelial progenitor cells homing for necessary tissue growth, enhancing tissue remodeling over scar formation, inhibiting apoptosis programmable cell death or necrosis and differentiating tissues into specialized tissue.

Biomedical engineering is the application of engineering principles in designing techniques and technology to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes. This field link the gap between engineering and medicine, combining the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences to advance health care treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutics. The field transitions from being an interdisciplinary specialization among already-established fields enhance the impact of health care. Biomedical techniques on tissue science and regenerative medicine are computer modeling, Tissue Mechanics, Bio patterning technology, Bio-inspired computing to promote tissue regeneration.

The major application of biomaterials is to create artificial organs using biological materials for patients that need organ transplants. Biomedical engineers are currently researching methods of creating such organs with blood compatibility, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity and no localized tissue response to the implant. Biomaterials is a term used to indicate materials such as metals, polymers and ceramics that constitute parts of medical implants, extracorporeal devices and medical disposables which has inherent potential to regenerate the damaged tissues.

The fields of Tissue Engineering and 3D-Bioprinting are important for ultimately realizing the full potential of regenerative medicine.  The potential to "3D-print" tissues and organs is gaining extensive interest and this conference brings together the academic as well as industry stakeholders in these expanding fields. From a technology/methodology perspective, this conference addresses Tissue Engineering as well as Bio fabrication and Bio printing as we explore the latest developments in this field.  Indeed, the field of Synthetic Biology currently with many ramifications and application areas is an important component of the broader Bio fabrication space and therefore an entire conference track is devoted to this expanding field. There will be a session focusing on the Clinical Translation of Tissue Engineering as means to provide a Current State of the Landscape and Trajectory for the Future. Posters from delegates are welcomed as a means to disseminate the most up-to-date research and commercial applications which complement the presentations from the leaders in these fields. A co-located exhibition brings forth the technologies and commercial products in the Tissue Engineering, 3D-Bioprinting and Bio fabrication fields and features companies large and small.

This interdisciplinary engineering that has attracted a lot of attention as a brand new therapeutic implies that might overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial organs and organ transplantation that have been also aiming at replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is an exciting research area that aims at regenerative alternatives to harvested tissues for organ transplantation with soft tissues. Though significant progress has been created within the tissue engineering field, several challenges remain and any development in this area would require on-going interactions and collaborations among the scientists from multiple disciplines, and in partnership with the regulatory and therefore the funding agencies. Because of the medical and market potential, there's important academic and corporate interest during this technology.

Tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissues, notably bone and cartilage, may be a rapidly advancing field. In bone, technology has focused on bone graft substitute materials and also the development of biodegradable scaffolds. Recently, tissue engineering strategies have included cell and gene therapy. The availability of growth factors and the expanding knowledge base concerning the genetics and regulation of bone formation have generated new materials for tissue engineering applications. This information base also has benefited cartilage tissue engineering. The problems are more complex, however, and the solutions appear more elusive. Advances in scaffold design and cell culture have improved the prognosis for success.

Regeneration is that the progression of renewal, regeneration, and growth that makes it cells, organ regeneration to natural changes or events that cause damage or disturbance. This study is carried out as craniofacial tissue engineering, in-situ tissue regeneration, adipose-derived stem cells for tissue science which is also a breakthrough in cell culture technology. The study isn't stopped with the regeneration of tissue wherever it is further carried out in relation with cell signaling, morphogenetic proteins. Most of the neurological disorders occurred accidentally having a scope of recovery by replacement or repair of intervertebral discs repair, spinal fusion and plenty of more advancement.

Materials designed at the molecular and supramolecular scales to interact with cells, biomolecules, and pharmaceuticals will profoundly affect advances focusing on technologies targeting the regeneration of body parts. Materials science is a great accomplice to stem cell biology, genomics, and proteomics in crafting the scaffolds that will effectively induce tissue Regeneration lost to trauma, disease, or genetic defects. The repair of humans should be minimally invasive, and thus the best scaffolds would be liquids modified to create materials inside our bodies. In this regard, self-assembling materials will play a key role in future technologies. The design of biomaterials, which possess properties desired for their particular application, and the development of superior Tissue implant environments, that seeks to meet the nutritional needs of the tissue has promising tissue engineering prototype.

Organ printing is characterized as a layer-by-layer, additive, robotic, and computer-aided bio fabrication of functional three-dimensional organ constructs using self-assembling tissue spheroids according to a digital model. Information technology enables design blueprints for bio printing of human organs as well as predictive computer simulation of both printing and post printing processes. The bio printing process can be custom-made to deliver in a variety of formats, from micro-scale tissues contained in standard multi-well tissue culture plates, to larger structures suitable for placement onto bioreactors for biomechanical conditioning to use. 3D bio printing is used for the generation and transplantation of several tissues, multilayered skin, bone, vascular grafts, tracheal splints, heart tissue and cartilaginous structures. Different applications incorporate high-throughput 3D-bioprinted tissue models for research, drug discovery and toxicology.

Stem cells have the exceptional potential to develop into many different cell types within the body throughout early life and growth. In addition to that, in several tissues they function a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to refill different cells as long as the person or animal remains alive. Once a stem cell divides itself, and then each new cell has the potential either to stay as a stem cell or become another type of cell with an improved specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a nerve cell. Stem cells come from 2 main sources: embryonic stem cells, Embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development and adult stem cells. Both types are typically characterized by their efficiency, or potential to completely differentiate into different cell type.

Tissue engineering is emerging as a vibrant industry with a huge potential market includes genetic, biotechnology, cell and gene therapy market. Applications based on the biomaterials, scaffolds, artificial organs, and differentiating cells combined to create a tissue engineering product address significant medical needs, such as major tissue and organ damage or failure and help to renew or restore the functionality of organ. The major application of tissue engineering is found to be bio banking, treatment against rare and common diseases.